import math
import torch
import numpy as np
import torch.nn as nn
import torch.optim as optim
import torch.utils.data as Data

# S: 解码输入的起始符
# E: 解码输出的结束符
# P: 填充符
sentences = [
        # enc_input           dec_input         dec_output
        ['ich mochte ein bier P', 'S i want a beer .', 'i want a beer . E'],
        ['ich mochte ein cola P', 'S i want a coke .', 'i want a coke . E']
]

# Padding Should be Zero
src_vocab = {'P' : 0, 'ich' : 1, 'mochte' : 2, 'ein' : 3, 'bier' : 4, 'cola' : 5}
src_vocab_size = len(src_vocab)

tgt_vocab = {'P' : 0, 'i' : 1, 'want' : 2, 'a' : 3, 'beer' : 4, 'coke' : 5, 'S' : 6, 'E' : 7, '.' : 8}
idx2word = {i: w for i, w in enumerate(tgt_vocab)}
tgt_vocab_size = len(tgt_vocab)

src_len = 5 # enc_input max sequence length
tgt_len = 6 # dec_input(=dec_output) max sequence length

def make_data(sentences):
    enc_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_outputs = [], [], []
    for i in range(len(sentences)):
      enc_input = [[src_vocab[n] for n in sentences[i][0].split()]] # [[1, 2, 3, 4, 0], [1, 2, 3, 5, 0]]
      dec_input = [[tgt_vocab[n] for n in sentences[i][1].split()]] # [[6, 1, 2, 3, 4, 8], [6, 1, 2, 3, 5, 8]]
      dec_output = [[tgt_vocab[n] for n in sentences[i][2].split()]] # [[1, 2, 3, 4, 8, 7], [1, 2, 3, 5, 8, 7]]

      enc_inputs.extend(enc_input)
      dec_inputs.extend(dec_input)
      dec_outputs.extend(dec_output)

    return torch.LongTensor(enc_inputs), torch.LongTensor(dec_inputs), torch.LongTensor(dec_outputs)

enc_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_outputs = make_data(sentences)

class MyDataSet(Data.Dataset):
  def __init__(self, enc_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_outputs):
    super(MyDataSet, self).__init__()
    self.enc_inputs = enc_inputs
    self.dec_inputs = dec_inputs
    self.dec_outputs = dec_outputs
  
  def __len__(self):
    return self.enc_inputs.shape[0]
  
  def __getitem__(self, idx):
    return self.enc_inputs[idx], self.dec_inputs[idx], self.dec_outputs[idx]

loader = Data.DataLoader(MyDataSet(enc_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_outputs), 2, True)

# Transformer Parameters
d_model = 512  # Embedding Size
d_ff = 2048 # FeedForward dimension
d_k = d_v = 64  # dimension of K(=Q), V
n_layers = 6  # number of Encoder of Decoder Layer
n_heads = 8  # number of heads in Multi-Head Attention

class PositionalEncoding(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, d_model, dropout=0.1, max_len=5000):
        super(PositionalEncoding, self).__init__()
        self.dropout = nn.Dropout(p=dropout)

        pe = torch.zeros(max_len, d_model)
        position = torch.arange(0, max_len, dtype=torch.float).unsqueeze(1)
        div_term = torch.exp(torch.arange(0, d_model, 2).float() * (-math.log(10000.0) / d_model))
        pe[:, 0::2] = torch.sin(position * div_term)
        pe[:, 1::2] = torch.cos(position * div_term)
        pe = pe.unsqueeze(0).transpose(0, 1)
        self.register_buffer('pe', pe)

    def forward(self, x):
        '''
        x: [seq_len, batch_size, d_model]
        '''
        x = x + self.pe[:x.size(0), :]
        return self.dropout(x)

def get_attn_pad_mask(seq_q, seq_k):
    '''
    seq_q: [batch_size, seq_len]
    seq_k: [batch_size, seq_len]
    seq_len could be src_len or it could be tgt_len
    seq_len in seq_q and seq_len in seq_k maybe not equal
    '''
    batch_size, len_q = seq_q.size()
    batch_size, len_k = seq_k.size()
    # eq(zero) is PAD token
    pad_attn_mask = seq_k.data.eq(0).unsqueeze(1)  # [batch_size, 1, len_k], True is masked
    return pad_attn_mask.expand(batch_size, len_q, len_k)  # [batch_size, len_q, len_k]

def get_attn_subsequence_mask(seq):
    '''
    seq: [batch_size, tgt_len]
    '''
    attn_shape = [seq.size(0), seq.size(1), seq.size(1)]
    subsequence_mask = np.triu(np.ones(attn_shape), k=1) # Upper triangular matrix
    subsequence_mask = torch.from_numpy(subsequence_mask).byte()
    return subsequence_mask # [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]

class ScaledDotProductAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(ScaledDotProductAttention, self).__init__()

    def forward(self, Q, K, V, attn_mask):
        '''
        Q: [batch_size, n_heads, len_q, d_k]
        K: [batch_size, n_heads, len_k, d_k]
        V: [batch_size, n_heads, len_v(=len_k), d_v]
        attn_mask: [batch_size, n_heads, seq_len, seq_len]
        '''
        scores = torch.matmul(Q, K.transpose(-1, -2)) / np.sqrt(d_k) # scores : [batch_size, n_heads, len_q, len_k]
        scores.masked_fill_(attn_mask, -1e9) # Fills elements of self tensor with value where mask is True.
        
        attn = nn.Softmax(dim=-1)(scores)
        context = torch.matmul(attn, V) # [batch_size, n_heads, len_q, d_v]
        return context, attn

class MultiHeadAttention(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(MultiHeadAttention, self).__init__()
        self.W_Q = nn.Linear(d_model, d_k * n_heads, bias=False)
        self.W_K = nn.Linear(d_model, d_k * n_heads, bias=False)
        self.W_V = nn.Linear(d_model, d_v * n_heads, bias=False)
        self.fc = nn.Linear(n_heads * d_v, d_model, bias=False)
    def forward(self, input_Q, input_K, input_V, attn_mask):
        '''
        input_Q: [batch_size, len_q, d_model]
        input_K: [batch_size, len_k, d_model]
        input_V: [batch_size, len_v(=len_k), d_model]
        attn_mask: [batch_size, seq_len, seq_len]
        '''
        residual, batch_size = input_Q, input_Q.size(0)
        # (B, S, D) -proj-> (B, S, D_new) -split-> (B, S, H, W) -trans-> (B, H, S, W)
        Q = self.W_Q(input_Q).view(batch_size, -1, n_heads, d_k).transpose(1,2)  # Q: [batch_size, n_heads, len_q, d_k]
        K = self.W_K(input_K).view(batch_size, -1, n_heads, d_k).transpose(1,2)  # K: [batch_size, n_heads, len_k, d_k]
        V = self.W_V(input_V).view(batch_size, -1, n_heads, d_v).transpose(1,2)  # V: [batch_size, n_heads, len_v(=len_k), d_v]

        attn_mask = attn_mask.unsqueeze(1).repeat(1, n_heads, 1, 1) # attn_mask : [batch_size, n_heads, seq_len, seq_len]

        # context: [batch_size, n_heads, len_q, d_v], attn: [batch_size, n_heads, len_q, len_k]
        context, attn = ScaledDotProductAttention()(Q, K, V, attn_mask)
        context = context.transpose(1, 2).reshape(batch_size, -1, n_heads * d_v) # context: [batch_size, len_q, n_heads * d_v]
        output = self.fc(context) # [batch_size, len_q, d_model]
        return nn.LayerNorm(d_model).cuda()(output + residual), attn

class PoswiseFeedForwardNet(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self, dropout=0.1):
        super(PoswiseFeedForwardNet, self).__init__()
        self.fc = nn.Sequential(
            nn.Linear(d_model, d_ff, bias=False),
            nn.ReLU(),
            nn.Dropout(dropout),
            nn.Linear(d_ff, d_model, bias=False)
        )
    def forward(self, inputs):
        '''
        inputs: [batch_size, seq_len, d_model]
        '''
        residual = inputs
        output = self.fc(inputs)
        return nn.LayerNorm(d_model).cuda()(output + residual) # [batch_size, seq_len, d_model]

class EncoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self,dropout=0.1):
        super(EncoderLayer, self).__init__()
        self.enc_self_attn = MultiHeadAttention()
        self.pos_ffn = PoswiseFeedForwardNet()
        self.dropout1 = nn.Dropout(dropout)
        self.dropout2 = nn.Dropout(dropout)


    def forward(self, enc_inputs, enc_self_attn_mask):
        '''
        enc_inputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model]
        enc_self_attn_mask: [batch_size, src_len, src_len]
        '''
        # enc_outputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model], attn: [batch_size, n_heads, src_len, src_len]
        enc_outputs, attn = self.enc_self_attn(enc_inputs, enc_inputs, enc_inputs, enc_self_attn_mask) # enc_inputs to same Q,K,V
        enc_outputs = self.dropout1(enc_outputs)
        enc_outputs = self.pos_ffn(enc_outputs) # enc_outputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model]
        enc_outputs = self.dropout2(enc_outputs)
        return enc_outputs, attn

class Encoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Encoder, self).__init__()
        self.src_emb = nn.Embedding(src_vocab_size, d_model)
        self.pos_emb = PositionalEncoding(d_model)
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([EncoderLayer() for _ in range(n_layers)])

    def forward(self, enc_inputs):
        '''
        enc_inputs: [batch_size, src_len]
        '''
        enc_outputs = self.src_emb(enc_inputs) # [batch_size, src_len, d_model]
        enc_outputs = self.pos_emb(enc_outputs.transpose(0, 1)).transpose(0, 1) # [batch_size, src_len, d_model]
        enc_self_attn_mask = get_attn_pad_mask(enc_inputs, enc_inputs) # [batch_size, src_len, src_len]
        enc_self_attns = []
        for layer in self.layers:
            # enc_outputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model], enc_self_attn: [batch_size, n_heads, src_len, src_len]
            enc_outputs, enc_self_attn = layer(enc_outputs, enc_self_attn_mask)
            enc_self_attns.append(enc_self_attn)
        return enc_outputs, enc_self_attns

class DecoderLayer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(DecoderLayer, self).__init__()
        self.dec_self_attn = MultiHeadAttention()
        self.dec_enc_attn = MultiHeadAttention()
        self.pos_ffn = PoswiseFeedForwardNet()

    def forward(self, dec_inputs, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask):
        '''
        dec_inputs: [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model]
        enc_outputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model]
        dec_self_attn_mask: [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]
        dec_enc_attn_mask: [batch_size, tgt_len, src_len]
        '''
        # dec_outputs: [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model], dec_self_attn: [batch_size, n_heads, tgt_len, tgt_len]
        dec_outputs, dec_self_attn = self.dec_self_attn(dec_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_self_attn_mask)
        # dec_outputs: [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model], dec_enc_attn: [batch_size, h_heads, tgt_len, src_len]
        dec_outputs, dec_enc_attn = self.dec_enc_attn(dec_outputs, enc_outputs, enc_outputs, dec_enc_attn_mask)
        dec_outputs = self.pos_ffn(dec_outputs) # [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model]
        return dec_outputs, dec_self_attn, dec_enc_attn

class Decoder(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Decoder, self).__init__()
        self.tgt_emb = nn.Embedding(tgt_vocab_size, d_model)
        self.pos_emb = PositionalEncoding(d_model)
        self.layers = nn.ModuleList([DecoderLayer() for _ in range(n_layers)])

    def forward(self, dec_inputs, enc_inputs, enc_outputs):
        '''
        dec_inputs: [batch_size, tgt_len]
        enc_intpus: [batch_size, src_len]
        enc_outputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model]
        '''
        dec_outputs = self.tgt_emb(dec_inputs) # [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model]
        dec_outputs = self.pos_emb(dec_outputs.transpose(0, 1)).transpose(0, 1).cuda() # [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model]
        dec_self_attn_pad_mask = get_attn_pad_mask(dec_inputs, dec_inputs).cuda() # [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]
        dec_self_attn_subsequence_mask = get_attn_subsequence_mask(dec_inputs).cuda() # [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]
        dec_self_attn_mask = torch.gt((dec_self_attn_pad_mask + dec_self_attn_subsequence_mask), 0).cuda() # [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_len]

        dec_enc_attn_mask = get_attn_pad_mask(dec_inputs, enc_inputs) # [batc_size, tgt_len, src_len]

        dec_self_attns, dec_enc_attns = [], []
        for layer in self.layers:
            # dec_outputs: [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model], dec_self_attn: [batch_size, n_heads, tgt_len, tgt_len], dec_enc_attn: [batch_size, h_heads, tgt_len, src_len]
            dec_outputs, dec_self_attn, dec_enc_attn = layer(dec_outputs, enc_outputs, dec_self_attn_mask, dec_enc_attn_mask)
            dec_self_attns.append(dec_self_attn)
            dec_enc_attns.append(dec_enc_attn)
        return dec_outputs, dec_self_attns, dec_enc_attns

class Transformer(nn.Module):
    def __init__(self):
        super(Transformer, self).__init__()
        self.encoder = Encoder().cuda()
        self.decoder = Decoder().cuda()
        self.projection = nn.Linear(d_model, tgt_vocab_size, bias=False).cuda()
    def forward(self, enc_inputs, dec_inputs):
        '''
        enc_inputs: [batch_size, src_len]
        dec_inputs: [batch_size, tgt_len]
        '''
        # tensor to store decoder outputs
        # outputs = torch.zeros(batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_vocab_size).to(self.device)
        
        # enc_outputs: [batch_size, src_len, d_model], enc_self_attns: [n_layers, batch_size, n_heads, src_len, src_len]
        enc_outputs, enc_self_attns = self.encoder(enc_inputs)
        # dec_outpus: [batch_size, tgt_len, d_model], dec_self_attns: [n_layers, batch_size, n_heads, tgt_len, tgt_len], dec_enc_attn: [n_layers, batch_size, tgt_len, src_len]
        dec_outputs, dec_self_attns, dec_enc_attns = self.decoder(dec_inputs, enc_inputs, enc_outputs)
        dec_logits = self.projection(dec_outputs) # dec_logits: [batch_size, tgt_len, tgt_vocab_size]
        return dec_logits.view(-1, dec_logits.size(-1)), enc_self_attns, dec_self_attns, dec_enc_attns

model = Transformer().cuda()
criterion = nn.CrossEntropyLoss(ignore_index=0)
optimizer = optim.SGD(model.parameters(), lr=1e-3, momentum=0.99)

for epoch in range(30):
    for enc_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_outputs in loader:
      '''
      enc_inputs: [batch_size, src_len]
      dec_inputs: [batch_size, tgt_len]
      dec_outputs: [batch_size, tgt_len]
      '''
      enc_inputs, dec_inputs, dec_outputs = enc_inputs.cuda(), dec_inputs.cuda(), dec_outputs.cuda()
      # outputs: [batch_size * tgt_len, tgt_vocab_size]
      outputs, enc_self_attns, dec_self_attns, dec_enc_attns = model(enc_inputs, dec_inputs)
      loss = criterion(outputs, dec_outputs.view(-1))
      print('Epoch:', '%04d' % (epoch + 1), 'loss =', '{:.6f}'.format(loss))

      optimizer.zero_grad()
      loss.backward()
      optimizer.step()

def greedy_decoder(model, enc_input, start_symbol):
    """
    For simplicity, a Greedy Decoder is Beam search when K=1. This is necessary for inference as we don't know the
    target sequence input. Therefore we try to generate the target input word by word, then feed it into the transformer.
    Starting Reference: http://nlp.seas.harvard.edu/2018/04/03/attention.html#greedy-decoding
    :param model: Transformer Model
    :param enc_input: The encoder input
    :param start_symbol: The start symbol. In this example it is 'S' which corresponds to index 4
    :return: The target input
    """
    enc_outputs, enc_self_attns = model.encoder(enc_input)
    dec_input = torch.zeros(1, 0).type_as(enc_input.data)
    terminal = False
    next_symbol = start_symbol
    while not terminal:         
        dec_input=torch.cat([dec_input.detach(),torch.tensor([[next_symbol]],dtype=enc_input.dtype)],-1)
        dec_outputs, _, _ = model.decoder(dec_input, enc_input, enc_outputs)
        projected = model.projection(dec_outputs)
        prob = projected.squeeze(0).max(dim=-1, keepdim=False)[1]
        next_word = prob.data[-1]
        next_symbol = next_word
        if next_symbol == tgt_vocab["."]:
            terminal = True
        print(next_word)            
    return dec_input

# Test
enc_inputs, _, _ = next(iter(loader))
for i in range(len(enc_inputs)):
    greedy_dec_input = greedy_decoder(model, enc_inputs[i].view(1, -1), start_symbol=tgt_vocab["S"])
    predict, _, _, _ = model(enc_inputs[i].view(1, -1), greedy_dec_input)
    predict = predict.data.max(1, keepdim=True)[1]
    print(enc_inputs[i], '->', [idx2word[n.item()] for n in predict.squeeze()])